Marijuana Use Disorder Statistics & Facts

Startling marijuana use disorder statistics revealed! Uncover the impact and demographics surrounding this growing concern.

Leora B.H. Staff

December 3, 2023

Understanding Marijuana Use Disorder Statistics

To comprehend the significance of marijuana use disorder statistics, it is essential to first understand what marijuana use disorder is and the factors that contribute to its development.

Statistics on Marijuana Use

In 2019, an estimated 43.5 million Americans aged 12 or older (or 15.9% of the population) reported using marijuana in the past year.
Among those who reported using marijuana in the past month, 58% were male and 42% were female.
In 2019, the highest rate of marijuana use was among young adults aged 18-25, with 43.5% reporting past-year use.
Among high school seniors in the United States, past-month marijuana use increased from 16.6% in 1991 to 22.3% in 2020.
Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug during pregnancy, with estimates ranging from 2-5% of pregnant women reporting use.
According to a survey conducted by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, about one in ten marijuana users will become addicted to the drug.
In states where medical marijuana is legal, opioid overdose deaths have decreased by an average of 24.8% compared to states where it is not legal.
In Colorado, where recreational marijuana use is legal, there has been a significant increase in emergency department visits and hospitalizations for cannabis-related symptoms such as vomiting and anxiety.
The active ingredient in marijuana, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can stay in a user's system for weeks after use, making it difficult to accurately measure impairment.
Marijuana use can have both short-term and long-term effects on mental health, including increased risk of anxiety, depression, and psychotic disorders.

These statistics highlight the high prevalence of marijuana use among both adults and young individuals. It is important to note that marijuana use can lead to the development of marijuana use disorder in susceptible individuals.

Global Statistics on Marijuana Use Disorder

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 22.5 million people, or 0.3% of the global population, suffer from marijuana use disorder.
A study published in JAMA Psychiatry found that the prevalence of marijuana use disorder has nearly doubled in the United States between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013, from 1.5% to 2.9%.
According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Europe has one of the highest rates of cannabis use disorder among adults aged 15-64 years, with an estimated prevalence of 1%.
In Australia, a National Drug Strategy Household Survey reported that about one in ten daily cannabis users met the criteria for dependence or abuse.
In developing countries such as South Africa and Jamaica, where there is a high prevalence of cannabis use, studies have shown that up to 6% of users may develop cannabis use disorder.
Research indicates that individuals who start using marijuana before age 18 are four to seven times more likely to develop a marijuana use disorder compared to those who begin using it as adults.

These global statistics illustrate the widespread nature of marijuana use disorder and its potential impact on millions of lives across diverse regions and cultures. Understanding these trends can inform targeted prevention and treatment strategies for those at risk for developing this condition.

United States Statistics on Marijuana Use Disorder

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) reported that in 2019, approximately 4 million Americans aged 12 or older met the criteria for marijuana use disorder.
Among those with marijuana use disorder, young adults aged 18-25 had the highest prevalence, with an estimated 7.3% affected by the condition.
In a study examining data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, it was found that nearly one-third of past-year marijuana users in the United States exhibited symptoms of marijuana use disorder.
According to a National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) report, treatment admissions for marijuana use disorder have increased over the past two decades, accounting for approximately 17% of all substance abuse treatment admissions in the United States.
A recent study published in JAMA Psychiatry revealed that among individuals who used marijuana heavily during adolescence and early adulthood, more than half developed a dependence on the drug within their lifetime.
The same JAMA Psychiatry study also found that nearly one-third of those with lifetime cannabis dependence experienced remission within three years; however, relapse rates were high at approximately 50% over a six-year follow-up period.

These statistics emphasize the growing concern surrounding marijuana use disorder in the United States and highlight the importance of implementing effective prevention and intervention strategies to address this public health issue

What is Marijuana Use Disorder?

Marijuana use disorder, also known as cannabis use disorder, is a condition characterized by the problematic and excessive use of marijuana or cannabis. It is diagnosed when individuals experience a pattern of problematic use that leads to significant impairment or distress. This disorder encompasses both mild and severe forms of cannabis use-related problems.

Marijuana use disorder can manifest in various ways, including an inability to control or reduce marijuana use, spending excessive time obtaining or using marijuana, neglecting other activities due to marijuana use, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when attempting to quit. The severity of the disorder depends on the number of criteria met, ranging from mild to severe.

Factors Contributing to Marijuana Use Disorder

Genetic predisposition: Studies estimate that genetic factors account for approximately 40-60% of an individual's risk for developing marijuana use disorder.
Early initiation of use: Those who begin using marijuana before the age of 18 are more likely to develop a disorder compared to those who start later in life.
High frequency and intensity of use: Daily or near-daily users have a significantly higher risk of developing marijuana use disorder than occasional users.
Mental health disorders: Individuals with pre-existing anxiety, depression, or other mental health issues may be more susceptible to developing marijuana use disorder.
Social environment: Exposure to peers or family members who use marijuana can increase the likelihood of an individual developing the disorder.
Availability and accessibility: Living in areas with easy access to marijuana, such as regions where it is legal for medical or recreational purposes, can contribute to increased risk for the development of marijuana use disorder.
Use of high-potency products: Consumption of cannabis products with higher concentrations of THC has been associated with an elevated risk for the development of marijuana use disorder.

Understanding these factors is crucial in comprehending the complexity of marijuana addiction. Seeking appropriate treatment and support is important for those struggling with the disorder.

Prevalence of Marijuana Use Disorder

Understanding the prevalence of marijuana use disorder is essential in recognizing the impact it has on individuals and society as a whole. This section will provide an overview of the statistics on marijuana use and trends in marijuana use disorder.

Trends in Marijuana Use Disorder

Over the years, there have been notable trends in the prevalence of marijuana use disorder. These trends provide insights into the changing landscape of marijuana use and its associated disorder:

An increase in marijuana potency: Over the past few decades, the average THC content in marijuana products has risen significantly, from approximately 3% in the early 1990s to around 15% today. This increase in potency may contribute to a higher risk of developing marijuana use disorder.
Medical and recreational legalization: The legalization of marijuana for medical and recreational purposes in numerous states and countries has led to increased access and acceptability, which may be contributing to an increase in the prevalence of marijuana use disorder.
Shifts in perception of risk: Studies have shown that there has been a decline in perceived risk associated with marijuana use among adolescents and young adults, which could lead to more individuals experimenting with the drug and potentially developing a disorder.
Increased availability of alternative cannabis products: A growing market for alternative cannabis products such as edibles, concentrates, and vapes has expanded the ways people can consume marijuana. These newer forms often contain higher concentrations of THC, possibly increasing the likelihood of developing marijuana use disorder.
Co-use with other substances: Recent studies have found that individuals who simultaneously use marijuana and other substances such as alcohol or opioids are at an increased risk for developing substance use disorders, including marijuana use disorder.
Decrease in age at first use: Some research suggests that there is a trend towards younger ages at first-time marijuana use. Early initiation is associated with an increased risk for developing marijuana use disorder later on.

These trends highlight some key factors contributing to changes observed over time in the prevalence of marijuana use disorder. Understanding these trends can help inform targeted prevention strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of this condition.

By examining the prevalence and trends of marijuana use disorder, we can better comprehend the scope of the issue and work towards effective prevention, intervention, and treatment strategies.

Impact of Marijuana Use Disorder

Marijuana use disorder can have significant consequences on both physical and mental health, as well as various aspects of daily life and relationships.

Physical and Mental Health Consequences

Chronic marijuana use can lead to a range of physical health consequences. Some of the potential adverse effects include:

Respiratory issues: Smoking marijuana can irritate the lungs and lead to respiratory problems such as chronic bronchitis and lung infections.
Impaired cognitive function: Prolonged marijuana use can affect cognitive abilities, including memory, attention, and learning.
Increased heart rate: Marijuana use can cause an increase in heart rate, which may pose risks for individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.
Compromised immune system: Studies suggest that marijuana use may weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.

In addition to physical health consequences, marijuana use disorder can also have a significant impact on mental health. Some potential mental health consequences include:

Increased risk of psychosis: There is evidence that heavy marijuana use, particularly in individuals with a predisposition to psychosis, may increase the risk of developing psychotic disorders.
Anxiety and depression: While some individuals may use marijuana as a means of self-medication for anxiety or depression, it can actually worsen these conditions in the long run.
Addiction and withdrawal: Marijuana use disorder can lead to addiction, and individuals who attempt to quit or reduce their marijuana use may experience withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, sleep disturbances, and cravings.

It's important to note that the impact of marijuana use disorder can vary from person to person. Factors such as the frequency and duration of use, individual susceptibility, and co-occurring mental health conditions can all influence the severity of the consequences.

Impacts on Daily Life and Relationships

Marijuana use disorder can also have repercussions on various aspects of an individual's daily life and relationships. Some of the potential impacts include:

Impaired academic or occupational performance: Regular marijuana use can affect concentration, memory, and motivation, leading to difficulties in meeting academic or professional obligations.
Financial strain: Marijuana use can become an expensive habit, and individuals struggling with addiction may prioritize obtaining the substance over other financial responsibilities.
Legal consequences: In many jurisdictions, the possession and use of marijuana are still illegal. Individuals with marijuana use disorder may face legal issues related to drug possession or distribution.
Strained relationships: Excessive marijuana use can strain relationships with family, friends, and romantic partners. It may result in conflicts, trust issues, and feelings of neglect.

Recognizing the potential impact of marijuana use disorder on various aspects of life is crucial in understanding the need for intervention and seeking appropriate treatment options.

Demographics and Risk Factors

Understanding the demographics and risk factors associated with marijuana use disorder can provide valuable insights into the prevalence and impact of this condition. Several factors, including age, gender, sociodemographic factors, and co-occurring mental health disorders, play a role in the development and progression of marijuana use disorder.

Age and Gender Differences

Males are more likely to develop marijuana use disorder, with studies showing that they are approximately 2.5 times more likely than females to be affected.
Adolescents and young adults are at a higher risk for developing marijuana use disorder, with individuals aged 12-25 accounting for the majority of cases.
Among high school students, males report higher rates of marijuana use compared to females, with 24.9% of male students reporting past-month use compared to 19.3% of female students.
In adults aged 26 or older, the prevalence of marijuana use disorder is lower but still significant, affecting an estimated 1.6% of males and 0.8% of females in this age group.
Gender differences in susceptibility to marijuana use disorder may be influenced by biological factors such as hormonal differences and genetic predisposition, as well as social and environmental factors.

By considering these age and gender differences in the development and progression of marijuana use disorder, targeted prevention and intervention strategies can be implemented to address specific at-risk populations.

Sociodemographic Factors

Lower socioeconomic status: Individuals from lower-income backgrounds may be at a higher risk of developing marijuana use disorder, as they often face increased stressors and limited access to resources for prevention and treatment.
Educational attainment: Research has shown that individuals with lower levels of education are more likely to develop marijuana use disorder compared to those with higher levels of education.
Employment status: Unemployed individuals have been found to have higher rates of marijuana use disorder than their employed counterparts, potentially due in part to increased stress and lack of structured daily activities.
Urban vs. rural settings: Studies have found that urban residents tend to have higher rates of marijuana use and related disorders compared to those living in rural areas, which may be attributed to factors such as accessibility and social norms.
Ethnicity and race: In the United States, data suggests that marijuana use disorder is more prevalent among non-Hispanic white individuals compared to other racial or ethnic groups. However, it is important to note that disparities in access to treatment and cultural attitudes towards substance use may influence these statistics.
Family history: Individuals with a family history of substance use disorders, including marijuana use disorder, are at an increased risk for developing the condition themselves due to genetic predisposition and environmental influences.

These sociodemographic factors play a role in the development and progression of marijuana use disorder. By understanding these factors, targeted prevention strategies can be developed for specific at-risk populations.

Co-occurring Mental Health Disorders

Anxiety disorders: Studies show that individuals with anxiety disorders are approximately twice as likely to develop marijuana use disorder compared to those without anxiety issues.
Depression: Research indicates a significant association between depression and marijuana use disorder, with depressed individuals having an estimated 1.5 times higher risk of developing the condition.
Bipolar disorder: Individuals with bipolar disorder have been found to be at a greater risk for marijuana use disorder, with prevalence rates ranging from 30% to 60% in this population.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Studies suggest that individuals with ADHD are nearly three times more likely to develop marijuana use disorder than those without ADHD.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Research has shown that PTSD is associated with an increased likelihood of developing marijuana use disorder, with some studies reporting prevalence rates as high as 50% in individuals with PTSD.
Schizophrenia: Among people diagnosed with schizophrenia, the prevalence of marijuana use disorder ranges from 25% to 50%, indicating a strong association between these two conditions.
Substance use disorders: Co-use of other substances such as alcohol or opioids significantly increases the risk of developing marijuana use disorder. For example, individuals with alcohol use disorder are up to five times more likely to develop marijuana use disorder compared to those without alcohol-related problems.

These statistics underscore the complex relationship between mental health disorders and marijuana use. Understanding these co-occurring conditions can help inform targeted prevention and treatment efforts for individuals at heightened risk for developing marijuana use disorder.

Seeking Help for Marijuana Use Disorder

When facing marijuana use disorder, it is important to seek help and support. There are various treatment options available to assist individuals in overcoming this disorder and regaining control over their lives.

Treatment Options

Behavioral Therapies: Behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing, have shown effectiveness in treating marijuana use disorder. These therapies aim to identify and modify patterns of thinking and behavior that contribute to marijuana use. They also provide individuals with coping strategies and skills to resist cravings and manage relapse triggers.
Support Groups: Support groups, such as Marijuana Anonymous (MA), can be beneficial for individuals seeking peer support and understanding. These groups provide a safe and non-judgmental environment where individuals can share their experiences, receive encouragement, and learn from others who have faced similar challenges.
Outpatient Treatment Programs: Outpatient treatment programs offer structured therapy sessions and support while allowing individuals to continue their daily activities. These programs typically involve counseling and group therapy sessions to address the underlying causes of marijuana use disorder and develop healthy coping mechanisms.
Inpatient/Residential Treatment Programs: In more severe cases or when individuals require a higher level of care, inpatient or residential treatment programs may be recommended. These programs provide 24/7 support and a structured environment, which can be particularly beneficial for individuals with co-occurring mental health disorders or those experiencing significant difficulties in their daily lives.

Support and Resources

Finding support and accessing resources is crucial for individuals seeking help for marijuana use disorder. Here are some resources that can provide valuable information and assistance:

National Helplines: National helplines, such as the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) helpline, can provide information, support, and referrals to treatment facilities and support groups in your area. Their helpline is available 24/7 and offers confidential assistance.
Local Treatment Centers: Local treatment centers often offer a range of services for individuals seeking help with marijuana use disorder. These centers can provide assessments, individual and group therapy, and ongoing support during the recovery process.
Online Resources: Online resources, such as articles and websites dedicated to marijuana addiction treatment, can provide valuable information about the disorder, treatment options, and strategies for recovery.

Remember, seeking help is a courageous step towards overcoming marijuana use disorder. Reach out to professionals, support groups, or treatment centers to explore the most suitable options for your needs. With the right support and resources, recovery from marijuana use disorder is possible.

Conclusion

Marijuana use disorder is a complex and multifaceted condition that can have significant consequences on individuals and society as a whole. While the changing legal landscape and increased acceptance of marijuana have contributed to rising rates of marijuana use disorder, it is essential to recognize the various risk factors, co-occurring mental health conditions, and sociodemographic factors that can influence its development.

Treatment options such as behavioral therapies, support groups, outpatient treatment programs, and inpatient/residential treatment programs are available to assist individuals in overcoming this disorder. Seeking help from professionals and accessing resources is crucial for those struggling with marijuana use disorder.

By understanding the prevalence, impact, demographics, and seeking help for marijuana use disorder, we can work towards effective prevention and intervention strategies. Through awareness-raising campaigns, education initiatives, and access to evidence-based treatments for those who need them most, we can make progress towards reducing the harm caused by marijuana use disorder.